The search terms used were the following: impact of long bone fractures and/or psychological impact of long bone fractures and/or social impact of long bone fractures and/or financial impact of long bone fractures and/or occupational impact of long bone fractures and/or physical impact of long bone fractures and/or impact of humerus fractures and/or impact of radius fractures and/or impact of ulna fractures and/or impact of femur fractures, impact of tibia fractures and/or impact of fibula fractures.
The reference lists of all chosen publications were also searched to source additional publications that may not have appeared in the search results. Literature searches were conducted in Science Direct, Cochrane Library, BMJ Online, PubMed, Jstor, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight Ebscohost Research databases and Google Scholar to avoid missing other relevant articles not published in a journal. We sought to answer the following question: what effect do long bone fractures have on the psychological, social, financial, occupational and physical health of patients? Therefore, the burden is expected to rise substantially. 7 As the standard of health and lifestyle improves in LMICs, one can expect that the older population, who are more prone to falls and fractures, will be greatly affected. 6ĭepressive symptoms such as catastrophic thinking, changes in appetite and sleep pattern are common after a fracture. The management and treatment of long bone fractures add significantly to the expenses of any health care system because of the cost of surgery, possible rehospitalisation and the physical rehabilitation of patients. 5 The burden of long bone fractures impacts society through the loss of productivity, the direct and indirect costs of treatment and the additional contribution to morbidity and mortality. Some studies have demonstrated that falls have a prevalence of 21.8% and 35.1%. Falls are also a serious public health problems worldwide because they can also cause re-injury. 2 Some studies have indicated that road traffic accidents cause 68.14% of fractures in some LMIC countries.
More than 90% of injuries, particularly fractures of the extremity, occur in LMICs. 4 Over the last several years, long bone fractures are becoming increasingly common, particularly because of road traffic injuries. 3 A fracture is ‘any loss in the continuity of bone’. 2 The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that fractures feature in the top-20 first-line diagnoses presenting to emergency departments. Global Burden of Disease and Injury study shows that road injuries are the seventh most common cause of disability adjusted life years. Numerous studies and reports by the World Health Organisation indicate that injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
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